Funcionamiento cognitivo, reserva cognitiva y creatividad en adultos mayores cubanos: un estudio mixto

Alicia Lianne García González; Ariadna Gabriela Matos Matos

doi:10.58763/rc2026535

Autores/as

Alicia Lianne García González Universidad de Camagüey. Camagüey, Cuba https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0284-2431
Ariadna Gabriela Matos Matos Universidad de Camagüey. Camagüey, Cuba https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-9801

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58763/rc2026535

Palabras clave:

Aprendizaje de adultos, cognición, creatividad, envejecimiento

Resumen

Introducción: La investigación analiza la relación entre el funcionamiento cognitivo, la reserva cognitiva y la creatividad en adultos mayores pertenecientes a un aula comunitaria de la Cátedra Universitaria del Adulto Mayor (CUAM) en Camagüey, Cuba. Metodología: Mediante un enfoque mixto, con diseño explicativo secuencial (DEXPLIS) y muestreo intencional, se evaluaron 10 adultos mayores con una edad promedio de 82.1 años. Se utilizaron instrumentos como el Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), la Escala Cubana de Reserva Cognitiva, el Cuestionario de Creatividad (CAQ), así como entrevistas semiestructuradas a los participantes. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un deterioro cognitivo leve en dominios como memoria y funciones ejecutivas, con una reserva cognitiva moderada-alta e influenciada positivamente por años de escolaridad. La creatividad presentó una gran variabilidad, destacándose en soluciones prácticas (inventos domésticos). Se evidenciaron relaciones entre el funcionamiento cognitivo, la reserva y la creatividad, esta última con una correlación significativa con la reserva cognitiva. El estudio cualitativo, a través de entrevistas, reveló casos excepcionales y matices de relación entre las variables. Conclusiones: Aunque el envejecimiento implica cierto declive, la reserva cognitiva y la creatividad actúan como factores protectores, permitiendo adaptaciones funcionales y preservando la calidad de vida.

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