Applications of generative artificial intelligence in the teaching of customs and international law

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58763/rc2025432

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, computer assisted instruction, education, teaching

Abstract

This academic work explores the use of generative AI through Chatbot GPT, Gemini, Copilot, and Meta AI in teaching customs and international law. This analysis was carried out with a particular focus on education on international free trade agreements and the primary laws on international trade in Mexico. The study's main findings show that Copilot is a valuable tool for searching for specific information on articles and laws on international trade. This purpose was achieved by applying prompts to obtain information on the content in question. Likewise, favorable results were obtained for the cases of Chatbot GPT and Meta AI. On the other hand, Gemini showed unfavorable results because it only showed general information on the topics that were requested and even provided erroneous information. These types of tools allow students to make more efficient searches and save time when searching for information. However, they can present erroneous or general results that force them to delve deeper into the subject.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Ajevski, M., Barker, K., Gilbert, A., Hardie, L., & Ryan, F. (2023). ChatGPT and the future of legal education and practice. The Law Teacher, 57(3), 352–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2023.2207426

Alasadi, E. A., & Baiz, C. R. (2023). Generative AI in Education and Research: Opportunities, Concerns, and Solutions. Journal of Chemical Education, 100(8), 2965–2971. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00323

Al-kfairy, M., Mustafa, D., Kshetri, N., Insiew, M., & Alfandi, O. (2024). Ethical Challenges and Solutions of Generative AI: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Informatics, 11(3), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11030058

Baber, H., Nair, K., Gupta, R., & Gurjar, K. (2024). The beginning of ChatGPT – a systematic and bibliometric review of the literature. Information and Learning Sciences, 125(7/8), 587–614. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-04-2023-0035

Bandi, A., Adapa, P. V. S. R., & Kuchi, Y. E. V. P. K. (2023). The Power of Generative AI: A Review of Requirements, Models, Input–Output Formats, Evaluation Metrics, and Challenges. Future Internet, 15(8), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15080260

Byrne, M. D. (2023). Generative Artificial Intelligence and ChatGPT. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 38(3), 519–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2023.04.001

Cambra-Fierro, J. J., Blasco, M. F., López-Pérez, M.-E. E., & Trifu, A. (2024). ChatGPT adoption and its influence on faculty well-being: An empirical research in higher education. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12871-0

Chakraborty, T., Reddy K S, U., Naik, S. M., Panja, M., & Manvitha, B. (2024). Ten years of generative adversarial nets (GANs): A survey of the state-of-the-art. Machine Learning: Science and Technology, 5(1), 011001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ad1f77

Dai, Y., Liu, A., & Lim, C. P. (2023). Reconceptualizing ChatGPT and generative AI as a student-driven innovation in higher education. Procedia CIRP, 119, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.05.002

Feuerriegel, S., Hartmann, J., Janiesch, C., & Zschech, P. (2024). Generative AI. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 66(1), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-023-00834-7

Fui-Hoon Nah, F., Zheng, R., Cai, J., Siau, K., & Chen, L. (2023). Generative AI and ChatGPT: Applications, challenges, and AI-human collaboration. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 25(3), 277–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2023.2233814

García Peñalvo, F. J., Llorens-Largo, F., & Vidal, J. (2024). La nueva realidad de la educación ante los avances de la inteligencia artificial generativa. RIED-Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 27(1), 9–39. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.27.1.37716

García-López, I. M., González González, C. S., Ramírez-Montoya, M.-S., & Molina-Espinosa, J.-M. (2025). Challenges of implementing ChatGPT on education: Systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8, 100401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100401

Gill, S. S., & Kaur, R. (2023). ChatGPT: Vision and challenges. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 3, 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.05.004

Gonçalves, B. (2023). The Turing Test is a Thought Experiment. Minds and Machines, 33(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-022-09616-8

Hadi Mogavi, R., Deng, C., Juho Kim, J., Zhou, P., D. Kwon, Y., Hosny Saleh Metwally, A., Tlili, A., Bassanelli, S., Bucchiarone, A., Gujar, S., Nacke, L. E., & Hui, P. (2024). ChatGPT in education: A blessing or a curse? A qualitative study exploring early adopters’ utilization and perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 2(1), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100027

Hoffmann, C. H. (2022). Is AI intelligent? An assessment of artificial intelligence, 70 years after Turing. Technology in Society, 68, 101893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101893

Ida, M. (2024). A Narrative History of Artificial Intelligence: The Perpetual Frontier of Information Technology. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0771-3

Jayasinghe, S. (2024). Promoting active learning with ChatGPT: A constructivist approach in Sri Lankan higher education. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2024.7.2.26

Krichen, M. (2023). Convolutional Neural Networks: A Survey. Computers, 12(8), 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12080151

Liu, Z., & Zhang, W. (2024). A qualitative analysis of Chinese higher education students’ intentions and influencing factors in using ChatGPT: A grounded theory approach. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 18100. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-65226-7

Lv, Z. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence in the metaverse era. Cognitive Robotics, 3, 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogr.2023.06.001

Magnini, M., Aguzzi, G., & Montagna, S. (2025). Open-source small language models for personal medical assistant chatbots. Intelligence-Based Medicine, 11, 100197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmed.2024.100197

Mienye, I. D., Swart, T. G., & Obaido, G. (2024). Recurrent Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Review of Architectures, Variants, and Applications. Information, 15(9), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/info15090517

Mitchell, M. (2024). The Turing Test and our shifting conceptions of intelligence. Science, 385(6710), eadq9356. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adq9356

Polonsky, M. J., & Rotman, J. D. (2023). Should Artificial Intelligent Agents be Your Co-author? Arguments in Favour, Informed by ChatGPT. Australasian Marketing Journal, 31(2), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582231167882

Raiaan, M. A. K., Mukta, Md. S. H., Fatema, K., Fahad, N. M., Sakib, S., Mim, M. M. J., Ahmad, J., Ali, M. E., & Azam, S. (2024). A Review on Large Language Models: Architectures, Applications, Taxonomies, Open Issues and Challenges. IEEE Access, 12, 26839–26874. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3365742

Sánchez Mendiola, M., & Carbajal Degante, E. (2023). La inteligencia artificial generativa y la educación universitaria: ¿Salió el genio de la lámpara? Perfiles Educativos, 45(Especial), 70–86. https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2023.Especial.61692

Sengar, S. S., Hasan, A. B., Kumar, S., & Carroll, F. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence: A systematic review and applications. Multimedia Tools and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-20016-1

Su, J., & Yang, W. (2023). Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT: A Framework for Applying Generative AI in Education. ECNU Review of Education, 6(3), 355–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311231168423

Suriano, R., Plebe, A., Acciai, A., & Fabio, R. A. (2025). Student interaction with ChatGPT can promote complex critical thinking skills. Learning and Instruction, 95, 102011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.102011

Van Assen, M., Muscogiuri, E., Tessarin, G., & De Cecco, C. N. (2022). Artificial Intelligence: A Century-Old Story. En Artificial Intelligence in Cardiothoracic Imaging (pp. 3–13). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92087-6_1

Virvou, M., Tsihrintzis, G. A., & Tsichrintzi, E.-A. (2024). VIRTSI: A novel trust dynamics model enhancing Artificial Intelligence collaboration with human users – Insights from a ChatGPT evaluation study. Information Sciences, 675, 120759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2024.120759

Wali, A., Alamgir, Z., Karim, S., Fawaz, A., Ali, M. B., Adan, M., & Mujtaba, M. (2022). Generative adversarial networks for speech processing: A review. Computer Speech & Language, 72, 101308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2021.101308

Wang, W., Xu, Z., & Xu, Z. (2024). Changes and challenges of legal education in the era of generative artificial intelligence: Chinese experience. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(8), 5600. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i8.5600

Wong, W. K. O. (2024). The sudden disruptive rise of generative artificial intelligence? An evaluation of their impact on higher education and the global workplace. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(2), 100278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100278

Worden, K., Tsialiamanis, G., Cross, E. J., & Rogers, T. J. (2023). Artificial Neural Networks. En Machine Learning in Modeling and Simulation (pp. 85–119). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36644-4_2

Yan, L., Greiff, S., Teuber, Z., & Gašević, D. (2024). Promises and challenges of generative artificial intelligence for human learning. Nature Human Behaviour, 8(10), 1839–1850. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02004-5

Published

2025-01-03

How to Cite

Mata Hernández, J. M. (2025). Applications of generative artificial intelligence in the teaching of customs and international law. Región Científica, 4(1), 2024432. https://doi.org/10.58763/rc2025432

Issue

Section

Scientific and technological research article