La paradoja del turismo de naturaleza en la Amazonia: entre la creación de valor empresarial y la erosión del capital natural
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58763/rc2026631Palabras clave:
biodiversidad, conservación ambiental, desarrollo sostenible, ecoturismo, recursos naturalesResumen
Introducción: El turismo de naturaleza ha adquirido relevancia en la Amazonia como alternativa para diversificar las economías locales y promover la conservación. Sin embargo, su expansión ha generado presiones sobre los ecosistemas que sostienen la actividad. El estudio analizó esta paradoja a partir de la relación entre la creación de valor y el capital natural. Metodología: Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática integrativa con enfoque mixto y diseño secuencial QUAN→QUAL. La búsqueda en Scopus abarcó el periodo 2021-2025 y conformó un corpus de 59 documentos. Mediante VOSviewer se examinaron los siguientes factores: desempeño científico, colaboración entre países y organizaciones, estructura conceptual y evolución temática. Posteriormente, 18 artículos fueron seleccionados intencionalmente para ser analizados cualitativamente. Resultados: La producción científica mostró crecimiento, dispersión editorial y una colaboración internacional más visible que la articulación institucional. La estructura conceptual se organizó alrededor de categorías como turismo, ecoturismo, conservación, sostenibilidad, geoturismo e impactos ambientales. El análisis cualitativo evidenció que el capital natural sustenta múltiples formas de valor económico, social y cultural, aunque sus efectos dependen de mecanismos de gobernanza, distribución de beneficios, regulación y reinversión en conservación. Fueron identificadas trayectorias de sinergia, compensación, tensión, externalización y erosión. Estos patrones situaron la gobernanza socioecológica como instancia de mediación entre la valorización turística y la permanencia natural. Conclusiones: Se concluyó que la paradoja no radica en que el turismo de naturaleza sea intrínsecamente conservacionista o degradante, sino en las condiciones que regulan la transformación de atributos ecológicos en valor. La sostenibilidad exige límites ecológicos, participación efectiva y mecanismos que vinculen los beneficios generados con la conservación de la base natural.
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