Acompañamiento a la promoción de proyectos de vida de jóvenes seropositivos. Un estudio cualitativo complejo

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58763/rc2024248

Palabras clave:

Inclusión social, institucionalización, psicología del desarrollo, salud mental, VIH/SIDA

Resumen

El diagnóstico de contagio del virus VIH constituye un evento vital disruptivo en la vida de los jóvenes. Frecuentemente, la condición de seropositivo es percibida como una sentencia de muerte, además de presentar múltiples barreras como estigmas, auto-estigma, discriminación, asilamiento y síntomas de ansiedad-depresión. En especial, la configuración de la identidad personal y la planificación del futuro, de manera positiva y realista, constituyen dos procesos severamente afectados, de ahí la importancia de promover los proyectos de vida de los jóvenes seropositivos, a partir de una atención integral. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante un diseño cualitativo en dos etapas, una con diseño fenomenológico y otra mediante el grupo focal y el análisis temático. Los principales resultados apuntan hacia la importancia de alentar metas que favorezcan la adherencia terapéutica, faciliten el bienestar psicológico, ayuden a la integración social y favorezcan la estructuración de una sólida red de apoyo. Además, se ofrecen pautas para una mejor elaboración de propuesta para la promoción de proyectos de vida en esta población. Se finaliza el artículo con recomendaciones para futuros estudios.

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Citas

Addington, E., y Cheung, E. (2020). Who is most likely to benefit from a positive psychological intervention? Moderator analyses from a randomized trial in people newly diagnosed with HIV. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(5), 605-612. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1789702

Armoon, B., Fleury, M., Bayat, A., … y Gonabadi-Nezhad, L. (2022). HIV related stigma associated with social support, alcohol use disorders, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 16(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-022-00527-w

Ataro, G. (2020). Methods, methodological challenges and lesson learned from phenomenological study about OSCE experience: Overview of paradigmdriven qualitative approach in medical educatio. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 49, 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2019.11.013

Cai, S., Liu, L., Wu, ... y Ou, H. (2020). Depression, Anxiety, Psychological Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV. Patient Preference and Adherence, 14, 1533-1540. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S263007

Chemutai, V., Nteziyaremye, J., y Wandabwa, G. (2020). Live Experiences of Adolescent Mothers Attending Mbale Regional Referral Hospital: A Phenomenological Study. Obstetrics and Gynecology InternationaL, 2020, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8897709

Cobb, D., Smith, N., Edagwa, B., y McMillan, J. (2020). Long-acting approaches for delivery of antiretroviral drugs for prevention and treatment of HIV: a review of recent research. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 17(9), 1227-1238. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2020.1783233

Dhlakama, P., Lelaka, C., y Mavhandu-Mudzusi, A. (2023). The Psychosocial Profile of Women Who Defaulted Option B+ HIV Treatment: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Study. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 15, 583-598. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S401336

Dörfler, V., y Stierand, M. (2021). Bracketing: a phenomenological theory applied through transpersonal reflexivity. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 34(4), 778-793. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-12-2019-0393

Dougherty, M. (2021). The use of confidentiality and anonymity protections as a cover for fraudulent fieldwork data. Research Ethics, 17(4), 480-500. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211018257

Esteban-Guitart, M., y Gee, J. (2023). Learning as life project(s). Learning: Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2023.2291010

Getanda, E., y Vostanis, P. (2022). Feasibility evaluation of psychosocial intervention for internally displaced youth in Kenya. Journal of Mental Health, 31(6), 774-782. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1818702

Getaye, A., Cherie, N., Bazie, G., y Gebremeskel, T. (2021). Proportion of Depression and Its Associated Factors Among Youth HIV/AIDS Clients Attending ART Clinic in Dessie Town Government Health Facilities, Northeast Ethiopia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 14, 197-205. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S296849

Gitahi, N., Wahome, S., Bukusi, E., y Memiah, P. (2022). The role of self-efficacy in HIV treatment adherence and its interaction with psychosocial factors among HIV positive adolescents in transition to adult care in Kenya. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 17(4), 308-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1954736

Haag, K., Du Toit, S., Skeen, S., … y Notholi, V. (2022). Predictors of COVID-related changes in mental health in a South African sample of adolescents and young adults. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 27, 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2022.2108087

Hascher, K., Jaiswal, J., Lorenzo, J., . . . y Halkitis, P. (2023). ‘Why aren’t you on PrEP? You’re a gay man’: reification of HIV ‘risk’ influences perception and behaviour of young sexual minority men and medical providers. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 25(1), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2021.2018501

Huang, X., Zhang, X., y Lu, M. (2021). Recent trends in the development of Toll-like receptor 7/8-targeting therapeutics. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 16(8), 869-880. https://doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2021.1898369

Kalomo, E., Shamrova, D., Jun, J., Kaddu, M., y Kalb, A. (2022). Risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms among the youth living with HIV in Namibia. African Journal of AIDS Research, 21(1), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2022.2041054

Kasande, M., Natwijuka, A., Katushabe, E., y Tweheyo, A. (2022). Experiences of Caring for Adolescents Living with HIV (ALHIV): A Qualitative Interview with Caregivers. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 14, 577-589. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S388715

Kelly, J., Gittings, L., Laurenzi, C., . . . y Toska, E. (2022). HIV and SRH healthcare delivery experiences of South African healthcare workers and adolescents and young people during COVID-19. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 27, 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2022.2108080

Laurenzi, C., Ronan, A., Phillips, L., … y Toska, E. (2023). Enhancing a peer supporter intervention for young mothers living with HIV in Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia: Adaptation and co-development of a psychosocial component. Global Public Health, 18(1), 2081711. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2022.2081711

Liu, Y., Przybyla, S., Higgins, M., y Zhang, C. (2022). Racial Variations in Psychosocial Vulnerabilities Linked to Differential Poppers Use and Associated HIV-Related Outcomes among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Study in Two U.S. Metropolitan Areas. Substance Use & Misuse, 57(4), 560-568. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2021.2023185

Malungani, N., Rasweswe, M., y Peu, M. (2021). “I’m angry with my mother”: Lived psychosocial experiences of adolescents with peri-natal-acquired HIV in Limpopo, South Africa. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 31(6), 627-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2021.2001991

Mathew, R., Boonsuk, P., Dandu, M., y Sohn, A. (2020). Experiences with stigma and discrimination among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS Care, 32(4), 530-535. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2019.1679707

McGrady, M., Pai, A, y Prosser, L. (2021). Using discrete choice experiments to develop and deliver patient-centered psychological interventions: a systematic review. Health Psychology Review, 15(2), 314-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1715813

Merrill, K., Campbell, J., Kennedy, C., . . . y Denison, J. (2022). ‘So hurt and broken’: A qualitative study of experiences of violence and HIV outcomes among Zambian youth living with HIV. Global Public Health, 17(3), 444-456. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1864749

Moriña, A. (2021). When people matter: The ethics of qualitative research in the health and social sciences. Health and Social Care in the community, 29(5), 15591561. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13221

Moyo, I., Tshivhase, L., y Mavhandu-Mudzusi, A. (2022). Utilisation of HIV services by female sex workers in Zimbabwe during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive phenomenological study. African Journal of AIDS Research, 21(2), 183-193. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2022.2101934

Newman, P., Prabhu, S., Akkakanjanasupar, P., y Tepjan, S. (2022). HIV and mental health among young people in low-resource contexts in Southeast Asia: A qualitative investigation. Global Public Health, 17(7), 1200-1214. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1924822

Okumu, M., Nyoni, T., y Byansi, W. (2021). Alleviating psychological distress and promoting mental wellbeing among adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, during and after COVID-19. Global Public Health, 16(6), 964-973. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1912137

Pedersen, M. (2020). Anthropological Epochés: Phenomenology and the Ontological Turn. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 50(6), 610-646. https://doi.org/10.1177/0048393120917969

Pérez, A., Echerri, D., y García, Y. (2021). Proyecto de vida como categoría de la pedagogía de la Educación Superior: aproximaciones a una teoría fundamentada. Transformación, 17(3), 411-427. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2077-29552021000300542&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es

Pérez-Gamboa, A., Rodríguez-Torres, E., y Camejo-Pérez, Y. (2023). Fundamentos de la atención psicopedagógica para la configuración del proyecto de vida en estudiantes universitarios. Educación Y Sociedad, 21(2), 67–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7979972

Rzeszutek, M., Gruszczyńska, E., Pięta, M., y Malinowska, P. (2021). HIV/AIDS stigma and psychological well-being after 40 years of HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1990527. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1990527

Sallabank, G., Blackburn, N., Threats, M., . . . y Muessig, K. E. (2022). Media representation, perception and stigmatisation of race, sexuality and HIV among young black gay and bisexual men. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 24(12), 1729-1743. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2021.2008506

Satsanasupint, P., Daovisan, H., y Phukrongpet, P. (2022). Enhancing active ageing in later life: Can community networks enhance elderly health behaviours? Insights from a bracketing qualitative method. The Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 32(6), 1133-1147. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2628

Sinfield, G., Goldspink, S., y Wilson, C. (2023). Waiting in the Wings: The Enactment of a Descriptive Phenomenology Study. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22, 16094069231207012. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231207012

Small, L., Huynh, A., y Parchment, T. (2022). The association between self-Esteem, stigma, and mental health among South African youth living with HIV: the need for integrated HIV care services. AIDS Care, 34(22), 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.2002253

Stolz, S. (2020). Phenomenology and phenomenography in educational research: A critique. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52(10), 1077-1096. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1724088

Surmiak, A. (2020). Should we Maintain or Break Confidentiality? The Choices Made by Social Researchers in the Context of Law Violation and Harm. Journal of Academic Ethics, 18, 229-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-019-09336-2

Taquette, S., y Borges da Matta Souza, L. (2022). Ethical Dilemmas in Qualitative Research: A Critical Literature Review. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 21. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221078731

Thomas, S. (2021). Resolving tensions in phenomenological research interviewing. The Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(1), 484-491. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14597

Thomas, S., y Sohn, B. (2023). From Uncomfortable Squirm to Self-Discovery: A Phenomenological Analysis of the Bracketing Experience. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231191635

Vancampfort, D., Byansi, P., Namutebi, H., . . . y Mugisha, J. (2021). The efficacy of a lay health workers – led physical activity counselling program in patients with HIV and mental health problems: a real-world intervention from Uganda. AIDS Care, 33(9), 1189-1195. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.1874268

Velo, C., Martín-Bejarano, M., Domínguez-Rodríguez, S.,. . . y Navarro, M. (2022). Prevalence of psychological symptoms and associated risk factors in a Spanish sample of HIV-positive youth compared to uninfected peers. Anales de Pediatría, 96(3), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2020.05.007

Worku, E., Asemahagn, M., y Endalifer, M. (2020). Epidemiology of HIV Infection in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia, 2015 to 2018 Surveillance Data Analysis. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 12, 307-314. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S253194

Yusuf, H., y Agwu, A. (2021). Adolescents and young adults with early acquired HIV infection in the united states: unique challenges in treatment and secondary prevention. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 19(4), 457-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1829473

Publicado

2024-01-15

Cómo citar

Barrera León, D., Tello Flores, R. Y., Ramos Guzmán, F., & Pérez Gamboa, A. J. (2024). Acompañamiento a la promoción de proyectos de vida de jóvenes seropositivos. Un estudio cualitativo complejo. Región Científica, 3(1), 2024248. https://doi.org/10.58763/rc2024248

Número

Sección

Artículo de investigación científica y tecnológica